Palmer #8- New Monarchies

Palmer #8- New Monarchy

Will Stewart

“Describe the origins, nature, and accomplishments of the New Monarchies in a) England, b) France, c) Spain, d) the Holy Roman Empire.”

Thesis: During the late 15^th century, new monarchies rose to power in England, France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire driven by a desire to consolidate the state.

A) England

a. Tudors (1485-1603)

i. Henry VII (1485-1509)

ii. Put an end to turbulence caused by War of the Roses

iii. Star Chamber- authority of king and council

iv. Consolidated nationalism in England

b. New laws

i. Livery and Maintenance- private lords not allowed to keep armies anymore

ii. No more juries- now a panel of judges

B) France

a. Valois line

b. Louis XI (1461-1483)

i. Built up royal army

ii. Expanded French borders

iii. Suppressed nobles

1. Far greater power to raise taxes independently

c. Relationship with clergy

i. Monarchy appointed clergy within France

ii. Pragmatic Sanction of 1438- Gallican church became much more independent

C) Spain

a. Nature of kingdom

i. 2 main separate kingdoms- Aragon and Castile

ii. Joined in marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469

iii. Little to no Spanish nationalism

1. Even different languages

b. Unity

i. Belonging to Spanish Catholic church

ii. National pride from reconquista

c. Inquisition

i. Expulsion of Jews and Moors

ii. People became false Christians

iii. Threat of torture

D) Holy Roman Empire (Germany)

a. Nature of kingdom

i. Three kinds of states

1. Princely states- each a small hereditary dynastic monarchy

2. Ecclesiastical states- bishop or abbot controlled government

3. Imperial states

ii. States had prevented emperor from gaining large amounts of power

b. Habsburgs

i. Archduke of Austria came to power in 1452

ii. In power from 1452-1806

iii. Increased size of empire greatly