Thesis: From1881 to 1921, there were large scale mob attacks against Jews. However, the Kishinev Pogrom left a lasting impact on Jewish minds.
· Sunday afternoon – a crowd of men appeared on square Novyi Bazar, acting frenzied
· Shouting to beat the Jews
· Systematic destruction, pillaging, and robbing of Jewish houses and shops
· If any Jew resisted, they were beaten
· Christians too added into the riots against Jews
· 5 P.M. – 1st Jew was murdered; beaten to death
· Jews gave4 up all attempts at self-defense
· Jewish butchers on Novyi Bazar fought back and beat the attackers
· But police came and arrested the Jews
· 10 P.M. – seven more murdered à Jews were in “indescribable fear”
· Weapons used: axes, iron bars, clubs
· All men wore same outfit: red workshirts
· All Jewish houses painted with white chalk
· Organization of permanent info and communication network among various gangs
· 49 Jews murdered in
· All layers of society joined in the pogrom
· If Jews offered nothing to gangs, or if the gangs were in murderous mood, the men were beaten and killed
· Next morning – Jewish band hurried to Governor to plead for protection
· Governor refused to accept telegram/help
· Therefore, gangs could count on support of highest authority
· Gruesome acts of violence spread like wildfire
· Officials and policemen enjoyed vodka and beating women until they bled
· Inhumanities committed during pogrom
· Eyewitnesses and testimony of Christian physicians and Russian newspapers
· Synagogues stormed and plundered; and the Torah was defiled
· Barbarism is appalling
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