The Black Hand - Jamie Joyce
- Started in 1914 by some 2,500 army officers
- nationalist movement that trained members in terrorism
- initiation ritual: candidate entered dark room and pronounced oath before a masked member and a black table upon which the symbols of the society (a crucifix, a revolver, and a dagger) rested
- By-laws include:
- oragnization is created for the purpose of realizing the national idea: the union of all Serbs. Membership is open to every Serb, without distinction of sex, religion, or place of birth, and to all those who are sincerely devoted to this cause
- organization prefers terrorist action to intellectual propaganda
- purpose includes exercising influence on government circles, on the various social classes, and on the entire social life of Serbia (the piedmont of the Serbian nation), organizing revolutionary action in all territories inhabited by serbs, fighting beyond the frontiers of Serbia the enemy of the Serbian nation, etc. However, it is also important to note that the Black Hand also resolved to maintain amicable relationships with all states who support the Serbian nation and to assist them in fighting.
- every member was required to recruit new members
- members are forbidden to know each other personally
- the interests of the organization stand above all other interests
- those who enter may never leave
- each member is required to give weekly contributions
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